In two in-depth essays, Mwalimu Baruti discusses the problems and solutions to the issues of Afrikan thinkers being validated by Europeans and european institutions and the politics of liberation as practiced by four movements Afrikans have ourstorically joined in our efforts to become empowered individually and as a people. The first, “Validation,” looks at the training, motivation and aspirations of two groups of individuals within our community who are oppositional in their vision of success